The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) conducted more than 500 audits of Digital Addressable Systems (DAS) during the financial year 2024–25, according to its Annual Report 2024–25. These audits were aimed at strengthening regulatory compliance, transparency, and operational efficiency in India’s broadcasting and cable television ecosystem.
TRAI stated that the television and radio broadcasting industry continues to be a vital pillar of India’s Media and Entertainment (M&E) sector. Driven by the country’s large young population and rising demand for information and entertainment, the sector has shown steady growth despite rapid technological changes.
India’s Media and Entertainment Sector Growth Outlook
Citing industry data, TRAI reported that India’s media and entertainment sector grew by 3.3 percent in 2024, reaching a market size of ₹2.5 trillion. The sector is projected to expand further to ₹3.07 trillion by 2027, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 7 percent over the next few years.
Regulatory Reforms to Strengthen Broadcasting and Cable Services
During the review period, TRAI introduced several regulatory measures to reinforce the broadcasting and cable services framework. Key initiatives included:
- Consultation paper and recommendations on the National Broadcasting Policy
- Fixing reserve prices for FM radio channel auctions
- Amendments to interconnection regulations
- Strengthening audit provisions related to Digital Addressable Systems
- Framing a digital radio broadcasting policy for private broadcasters
In addition, under the Telecommunications Act, 2023, TRAI issued a regulatory framework for ground-based broadcasters and service authorizations, aimed at simplifying and modernizing the licensing ecosystem.
518 DAS Audits Conducted in FY 2024–25
As part of its compliance and monitoring mechanism, TRAI conducted audits of 518 Digital Addressable Systems through empanelled auditors during 2024–25. The primary objective was to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency across broadcasting distribution platforms.
Overview of India’s Broadcasting Distribution Platforms
India’s broadcasting services operate through multiple platforms, including cable TV, Direct-to-Home (DTH), Headend-in-the-Sky (HITS), and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV).
According to TRAI’s report:
- India has around 60 million cable TV households
- HITS services serve nearly 2 million subscribers
- Active DTH subscribers crossed 56.9 million as of March 31, 2025
- IPTV services remain at a nascent stage with approximately 700,000 subscribers
Broadcasters, Channels, and Distribution Network
The television broadcasting sector currently includes about 329 broadcasters operating nearly 918 private satellite TV channels approved by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. These include:
- 232 standard-definition pay channels
- 101 high-definition pay channels operated by 35 broadcasters
On the distribution side, the ecosystem consists of one HITS operator, four DTH operators, and 53 IPTV operators. Additionally, as of January 2022, India had more than 81,700 registered local cable operators, highlighting the vast reach of the cable TV network.
Strong Presence of Public Broadcaster Prasar Bharati
Public broadcaster Prasar Bharati continues to maintain a strong presence through All India Radio, Doordarshan, and the free-to-air DTH platform DD Free Dish. TRAI noted that DD Free Dish is the largest DTH platform in India, reaching approximately 49 million households, particularly in rural, remote, and low-income regions.
Beyond entertainment, DD Free Dish plays a significant role in delivering educational, health, and agriculture-related information to underserved populations.
Financial Performance of the Television Industry
On the financial front, TRAI reported that India’s television industry generated total revenues of ₹67,900 crore by the end of 2024. Subscription revenues accounted for ₹38,500 crore, while advertising revenues stood at ₹29,400 crore, underscoring the importance of both consumer payments and advertising in sustaining the sector.
Radio Broadcasting Sector Remains Stable
The radio broadcasting segment also delivered a stable performance during the year. As per data submitted by private FM radio operators, India had 388 operational private FM radio stations as of March 31, 2025. All India Radio operated 591 channels nationwide.
Community radio continued to expand, with 531 operational stations out of 639 licensed units. During 2024–25, private FM radio stations earned ₹1,818.71 crore in advertising revenue.
TRAI Reaffirms Commitment to Balanced Growth
TRAI reiterated its commitment to ensuring balanced growth of the broadcasting sector amid rapid technological advancements and digital transformation. The regulator emphasized its focus on consumer protection, fair competition, and creating a level playing field for all stakeholders in India’s evolving media landscape.